HTTP context 选项

HTTP context 选项HTTP context 的选项列表

说明

提供给 http://https:// 传输协议的 context 选项。 transports.

可选项

method string

远程服务器支持的 GETPOST 或其它 HTTP 方法。

默认值是 GET

header arraystring

请求期间发送的附加 header 。此选项中的值将覆盖其他值 (如 User-agent:Host:Authentication:), 即使在执行 Location: 重定向时也是如此。 所以,如果启用了 follow_location 就不建议设置 Host: header。

user_agent string

要发送的 header User-Agent: 的值。如果在上面的 header context 选项中没有指定 user-agent,此值将被使用。

默认使用 php.ini 中设置的 user_agent

content string

在 header 后面要发送的额外数据。通常使用POST或PUT请求。

proxy string

URI 指定的代理服务器的地址。(e.g. tcp://proxy.example.com:5100).

request_fulluri bool

当设置为 true 时,在构建请求时将使用整个 URI 。(i.e. GET http://www.example.com/path/to/file.html HTTP/1.0)。 虽然这是一个非标准的请求格式,但某些代理服务器需要它。

默认值是 false.

follow_location int

跟随 Location header 的重定向。设置为 0 以禁用。

默认值是 1

max_redirects int

跟随重定向的最大次数。值为 1 或更少则意味不跟随重定向。

默认值是 20

protocol_version float

HTTP 协议版本。

默认值是 1.0

timeout float

读取超时时间,单位为秒(s),用 float 指定(e.g. 10.5)。

默认使用 php.ini 中设置的 default_socket_timeout

ignore_errors bool

即使是故障状态码依然获取内容。

默认值为 false.

范例

Example #1 获取一个页面并发送 POST 数据

<?php

$postdata 
http_build_query(
    array(
        
'var1' => 'some content',
        
'var2' => 'doh'
    
)
);

$opts = array('http' =>
    array(
        
'method'  => 'POST',
        
'header'  => 'Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        
'content' => $postdata
    
)
);

$context stream_context_create($opts);

$result file_get_contents('http://example.com/submit.php'false$context);

?>

Example #2 忽略重定向并获取 header 和内容

<?php

$url 
"http://www.example.org/header.php";

$opts = array('http' =>
    array(
        
'method' => 'GET',
        
'max_redirects' => '0',
        
'ignore_errors' => '1'
    
)
);

$context stream_context_create($opts);
$stream fopen($url'r'false$context);

// header information as well as meta data
// about the stream
var_dump(stream_get_meta_data($stream));

// actual data at $url
var_dump(stream_get_contents($stream));
fclose($stream);
?>

注释

Note: Underlying socket stream context options
Additional context options may be supported by the underlying transport For http:// streams, refer to context options for the tcp:// transport. For https:// streams, refer to context options for the ssl:// transport.

Note: HTTP status line
When this stream wrapper follows a redirect, the wrapper_data returned by stream_get_meta_data() might not necessarily contain the HTTP status line that actually applies to the content data at index 0.

array (
  'wrapper_data' =>
  array (
    0 => 'HTTP/1.0 301 Moved Permanently',
    1 => 'Cache-Control: no-cache',
    2 => 'Connection: close',
    3 => 'Location: http://example.com/foo.jpg',
    4 => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
    ...
The first request returned a 301 (permanent redirect), so the stream wrapper automatically followed the redirect to get a 200 response (index = 4).

User Contributed Notes

ASchmidt at Anamera dot net 16-Feb-2021 02:51
With the default of

    'follow_location'   =>  1

be certain NEVER include a "Host:" header in the 'header' array.

If the host is set to "mydomain.com", and that web site has a (quite common) redirect to "www.mydomain.com", then the initial request to "http://mydomain.com" will get the expected response of:

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.mydomain.com/

However, the follow-up request does NOT replace the original "host" header with the new "location" value, as one would expect. Consequently each "follow-location" request will again be served by the original host of "http://mydomain.com", and continue the redirect loop until 'max_redirects' has been exhausted.

(For details: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=77889)
daniel.peder (a) gmail.com 16-Oct-2017 06:55
note that both http and https transports require the same context name http

// OK example:
// this will work as expected
// note the url with https but context with http
$correct_data = file_get_contents('https://example.com', false, stream_context_create(array('http' => array(...))));

// INVALID example:
// this will not work, the context will be ignored
// note the url with https also context with https
$correct_data = file_get_contents('https://example.com', false, stream_context_create(array('https' => array(...))));
daniel dot peder at gmail dot com 16-Oct-2017 06:50
note that for both http and https protocols require the same 'http' context keyword:

<?php

// CORRECT example:
// this will work as expected
// note the url with https but context with http
$correct_data = file_get_contents('https://example.com', false, stream_context_create(array('http' => array(...))));

// INVALID example:
// this will not work, the context will be ignored
// note the url with https also context with https
$correct_data = file_get_contents('https://example.com', false, stream_context_create(array('https' => array(...))));
aruntechguy at outlook dot com 22-Sep-2017 02:50
If you want to use Basic Auth while using get_headers(), use stream_context options below.

I am using HEAD method here, but please feel free to use GET also.

<?php
$targetUrl
= 'http or https target url here';
$basicAuth = base64_encode('username:password');

stream_context_set_default(
    [
       
'http' => [
           
'method' => 'HEAD',
           
'header' => 'Authorization: Basic ' . $basicAuth
       
]
    ]
);
$result = get_headers($targetUrl);

print_r($result);
ywarnier at beeznest dot org 02-Aug-2017 08:39
Note that setting request_fulluri to true will *change* the value of $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI] on the receiving end (from /abc.php to http://domain.com/abc.php).
jay 14-Apr-2015 01:32
Remember to match content with Content-type:

<?php

$data
= array(
   
'var1' => 'some content',
   
'var2' => 'doh'
);

$opts = array('http' =>
    array(
       
'method'  => 'POST',
       
'header'  => 'Content-type: application/json'// here...
       
'content' => json_encode($data// and here.
   
)
);

. . .

?>
nate 17-Apr-2014 03:19
Note that if you set the protocol_version option to 1.1 and the server you are requesting from is configured to use keep-alive connections, the function (fopen, file_get_contents, etc.) will "be slow" and take a long time to complete. This is a feature of the HTTP 1.1 protocol you are unlikely to use with stream contexts in PHP.

Simply add a "Connection: close" header to the request to eliminate the keep-alive timeout:

<?php
// php 5.4 : array syntax and header option with array value
$data = file_get_contents('http://www.example.com/', null, stream_context_create([
   
'http' => [
       
'protocol_version' => 1.1,
       
'header'           => [
           
'Connection: close',
        ],
    ],
]));
?>
chris 06-Feb-2014 06:14
I had quite a bit of trouble trying to make a request with fopen through a proxy to a secure url.  I kept getting a 400 Bad Request back from the remote host.  It was receiving the proxy url as the SNI host.  In order to get around this I had to explicity set the SNI host to the domain I was trying to reach.  It's apparently the issue outlined in this bug:

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=63519

<?php
$domain
= parse_url($file, PHP_URL_HOST);
$proxy_string = "tcp://" . WP_PROXY_HOST  . ":" . WP_PROXY_PORT;
$opts = array(
   
'http' => array( 'proxy' => $proxy_string ),
   
'ssl' => array( 'SNI_enabled' => true, 'SNI_server_name' => $domain));
$context = stream_context_create($opts);
$handle = fopen( $file, 'r', false, $context );
?>
vchampion at gmail dot com 23-Oct-2012 01:41
If you use the proxy server and encounter an error "fopen(http://example.com): failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request" note that in many situations you need also set the parameter "request_fulluri" to "true" in your stream options. Without this option the php script sends the empty request to the server as "GET / HTTP/0.0" and the proxy server replies to it with the "HTTP 400" error.

For example (working sample):
<?php
$stream
= stream_context_create(Array("http" => Array("method"  => "GET",
                                                     
"timeout" => 20,
                                                     
"header"  => "User-agent: Myagent",
                                                     
"proxy"   => "tcp://my-proxy.localnet:3128",
                                                     
'request_fulluri' => True /* without this option we get an HTTP error! */
                               
)));

if (
$fp = fopen("http://example.com", 'r', false, $stream) ) {
    print
"well done";
}
?>

P>S> PHP 5.3.17
gourav sarkar 18-Jan-2011 08:09
watch your case when using methods (POST and GET)...it must be always uppercase. in case of you write it in lower case it wont work.
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